Is Your Smile at Risk? The Hidden Dangers of Gum Recession

If your teeth start to appear longer, it could be a sign that your gums are gradually receding. Some people may also notice triangular gaps forming at the base of their teeth. Beyond these visible changes, gum recession can lead to a range of discomforts.

Main Effects of Gum Recession

1. Tooth Sensitivity: When gums recede, the roots of your teeth can become exposed. This exposure makes the tiny tubules on the root surface more susceptible to temperature changes (like hot or cold liquids), chemical substances, and mechanical stimuli, often resulting in increased tooth sensitivity.

2. Food Impaction and Root Caries: As the gums recede between adjacent teeth, gaps can form, making it easier for food to get trapped. This can lead to the development of root caries (cavities on the root surfaces).

3. Aesthetic Concerns: Gum recession, especially when it affects the front teeth, can cause the roots to become visible, create uneven gum lines, and make the teeth look overly long. This not only affects your appearance but may also lead to feelings of self-consciousness, making you hesitant to smile.

Common Causes of Gum Recession

1. Periodontitis: Periodontitis often leads to the resorption of the alveolar bone and gum inflammation. As the bone resorbs, the gums attached to it follow, leading to gum recession. Even after treatment, once the swelling subsides, the recession may still be apparent.

2. Mechanical Trauma: Improper brushing techniques are a common cause of gum recession, such as using a toothbrush with bristles that are too hard, brushing with excessive force, or brushing in a horizontal sawing motion. It’s advisable to use a medium-bristle toothbrush, apply gentle pressure, and brush using the correct technique to avoid these issues.

3. Orthodontic Forces and Occlusal Stress: Excessive bite forces on specific teeth can cause localized gum recession. During orthodontic treatment, if teeth are moved too far beyond the boundaries of the alveolar bone, gum recession may also occur.

Trreatment of Gum Recession

For minor and uniform gum recession without significant symptoms or cosmetic concerns, observation may be recommended before taking any action. However, if the recession progresses, it’s essential to identify and address the underlying causes, such as adjusting brushing habits or improving occlusion.

Some cases of gum recession can be fully or partially corrected through periodontal surgery. If surgery is not an option, alternative treatments like dental restorations or orthodontic adjustments may be considered, though it is generally challenging to restore gums to their pre-recession state.